UN Says 33.1m Nigerians Face Food Insecurity In 2025

The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), UNICEF, and the World Food Programme (WFP) have postulated that due to economic hardship, climate change, and violence in Nigeria’s northeast, they are expected to push 33.1 million people into food insecurity by 2025.

According to a joint statement issued by Chi Lael, Head of Communications and Media, United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), Nigeria Country Office, a new assessment has found that a staggering 33 million people in Nigeria will face acute food insecurity by 2025, with the number of people in emergency need expected to nearly double.

According to Lael, the Cadre Harmonisé food insecurity and malnutrition analysis, led by the Nigerian government and supported by partners, warns of a deterioration in Nigeria’s food security, with 33.1 million people expected to face high levels of acute food insecurity during the upcoming lean season.

“This represents an alarming increase of 7 million people over the same period last year, driven by economic hardship, record high inflation, the effects of climate change, and ongoing violence in the country’s northeastern states.

“Between October and December 2024, 25.1 million people are likely experiencing acute food insecurity even at the peak of the harvest season.

“Of this, 3.8 million live in the northeastern states. This number is projected to rise to 5 million.

“Nationally, the number of people experiencing emergency levels (Phase 4) of food insecurity is projected to increase from 1 million people in the peak of the 2024 lean season to 1.8 million people at the same period in 2025, representing a worrying 80 per cent rise.

“Approximately 5.4 million children and nearly 800,000 pregnant and breastfeeding women are at risk of acute malnutrition or wasting from six of the most affected states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe in the northeast, and Sokoto, Katsina and Zamfara in the northwest.

“Of these, an alarming 1.8 million children could face severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and require critical nutrition treatment.”

The statement noted that Nigeria grapples with economic hardship, coupled with record high inflation (which reached 40.9 per cent for food and 34.2 per cent for all items in June 2024).

This is a record increase in food prices amid record-high transportation costs.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the price of beans in October 2024 was 282 per cent above the same period in 2023.

The statement explained that the price of local rice rose by 153 per cent compared to October last year.

“These economic shocks resulted in the continuous devaluation of the local currency (Naira) against the United States Dollar (USD), external economic factors, and last year’s policy changes on discontinuation of the fuel subsidy.

“Other major factors driving food insecurity in the country include the effects of climate change, particularly floods, which directly impact the rising costs of both food and essential non-food commodities and services.

“From 1 to 15 October 2024 alone, FAO recorded that the floods affected over 9.2 million people and submerged 4.5 million hectares of land, including approximately 1.6 million hectares of farmland.

“Analyses indicate that due to the extent and persistence of the floods, the potential annual production losses for maize, sorghum, and rice combined in the flooded areas could be about 1.1 million metric tonnes.

“This could feed 13 million people for a year. In financial terms, the potential cereal crop losses amount to almost USD 1 billion in economic losses.”

Lael pointed out that persistent violence in the northeastern states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY) hinders food availability and access, adding that “armed banditry and kidnappings in the northwest and farmer-herder conflict in the northcentral states, including Zamfara, Katsina, Sokoto, Kaduna, Benue, Plateau, and Niger, exacerbate the prevailing economic struggles.”

The statement explained that trend analyses for the northeastern states indicate consistently high or rising food insecurity levels since 2018, noting that the number of people requiring urgent assistance has risen by at least 4 million annually during the lean season since June 2020.

“Furthermore, the northwest and parts of the north-central regions now exhibit critical levels of severe food insecurity and malnutrition, marking them as major hunger hotspots that demand attention from decision makers” Lael said.

FAO Representative ad interim in Nigeria and to ECOWAS, Dominique Koffy Kouacou, expressed FAO’s continued commitment to supporting Nigeria.

“Working closely with our partners, FAO is dedicated to implementing durable solutions that tackle the underlying causes of food insecurity and malnutrition.

“By enhancing agrifood systems, we strive to meet urgent needs while promoting long-term, sustainable progress for communities,” Koffy said.

Highlighting the long-standing issue, David Stevenson, WFP’s Country Representative, said, “The hunger crisis in Nigeria is fuelled by the ongoing conflict in the northeast and needs to be urgently addressed.

“Restoring peace in the northeast is critical for us to build pathways to production and achieve the northeast’s potential as the food basket of the country.”.

UNICEF’s Country Representative, Ms. Cristian Munduate, emphasised the urgent need for action.

She said, “Children are at the centre of the food insecurity crisis and face irreversible consequences—both physical and cognitive—and potentially even death.

“It is our moral imperative to ensure that the right of every child to adequate food and nutrition is upheld.”

The United Nations therefore urged the Nigerian government, donors, and stakeholders to commit resources and implement measures to avert a potential food and nutrition disaster, emphasising the need for immediate multi-sectoral support across the nation.

It would be recalled that the Cadre Harmonisé is an initiative focused on food and nutrition analysis, conducted biannually (in March and October) across 26 states and the FCT.

It represents a collaborative effort led by the Nigerian government in association with regional technical agencies, UN bodies, and NGOs.

The Cadre Harmonisé serves as a comprehensive tool to evaluate present and future food and nutrition scenarios.